THEODOR HAARBRÜCKER: Asch-Schahrastâni's Religionsparteien und Philosophenschulen übersetzt und erklärt, 2 vols. Halle, 1850-51. The Arabic text, without which Haarbrücker's German is sometimes hardly intelligible, was published by Cureton, London, 1846.
T. J. DE BOER: Geschichte der Philosophie im Islam. Stuttgart, 1901. Unsatisfactory but the best that there is. It is only a sketch and takes hardly sufficient account of theology and mysticism.
SIR WILLIAM MUIR: The Apology of al-Kindy, written at the court of al-Mâmûn. London, 1882.
E. SELL: The Faith of Islam. London, 1896. II edition. A valuable book, but from the point of view of an Indian missionary. Hence the tone is polemic and the technicalities are Persian rather than Arabic.
WALTER M. PATTEN: Ahmad ibn Hanbal and the Mihna. Leyden, 1897. There is a valuable review by Goldziher in ZDMG. lii, pp. 155 ff. It traces connection of Hanbalites with Ibn Taymiya and Wahhabites.
HEINRICH RITTER: Ueber unsere Kenntniss der Arabischen Philosophie. Göttingen, 1844.
FRIEDRICH DIETERICI: Alfarabi's phitosophische Abhandlungen herausgegeben. Leiden, 1890. Aus den arabischen übersetzt. Leiden, 1892.