FOREWORD

vii

INTRODUCTION

xv

PART I--LEGENDS

I.

AI-LAAU, THE FOREST EATER

1

II.

HOW PELE CAME TO HAWAII

4

III.

PELE AND THE OWL GHOST-GOD

14

IV.

THE HILLS OF PELE

19

V.

PELE AND THE CHIEFS OF PUNA

27

VI.

PELE'S TREE

35

VII.

PELE AND KAHA-WALI

37

VIII.

PELE AND KAMA-PUAA

45

IX.

PELE AND THE SNOW-GODDESS

55

X.

GENEALOGY OF THE PELE FAMILY

63

XI.

PELE'S LONG SLEEP

72

XII.

HOPOE, THE DANCING STONE

87

XIII.

HIIAKA'S BATTLE WITH DEMONS

96

XIV.

HOW HIIAKA FOUND WAHINE-OMAO

104

XV.

HIIAKA CATCHING A GHOST

111

XVI.

HIIAKA AND THE SEACOAST KUPUAS

117

XVII.

LOHIAU

126

XVIII.

THE ANNIHILATION OF KEOUA'S ARMY

139

XIX.

THE DESTRUCTION OF KAMEHAMEHA'S FISH PONDS

146

XX.

KAPIOLANI AND PELE

152

PART II--GEOLOGICAL FACTS

I.

THE CRACK IN THE FLOOR OF THE PACIFIC

165

II.

HAWAIIAN VOLCANOES

170

III.

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

177

IV.

CHANGES IN KILAUEA CRATER

189

V.

FOUNDATION OF THE OBSERVATORY

194

GIANT TREE FERNS ON THE ROAD TO KILAUEA

Frontispiece

PAGE

FIRE FOUNTAINS IN HALEMAUMAU, KILAUEA

2

LAVA CAVE

16

DECKED WITH LEIS OF PLUMARIA

24

MOKUAWEOWEO, MAUNA LOA (in eruption 1899)

44

ASAMA-YAMA, JAPAN

52

ICE-CRESTED CHIMBORAZO (Ecuador, S.A.)

60

MT. SHASTA, CALIFORNIA

70

MT. RANIER, WASHINGTON

78

MT. SHISHALDIN, ALASKA

88

MT. KATMAI, ALASKA

108

SUNSET OVER LEAHI

108

A STORM ON MOUNT HALEAKALA

118

LOHIAU

128

TWO MAORI GIRLS IN ANCIENT GREETING

140

TWISTED LAVA AT THE FOOT OF VESUVIUS

150

SMOKE COLUMN OVER MT. PELÉE

160

KAIMIMIKI

178

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

194

MAP OF HAWAII

204