1. Now when the Blessed One had stayed as long as he thought fit at Vesâlî he set out towards Sâvatthi.
3. Then the Blessed One addressed the Bhikkhus, and said, 'Long ago, O Bhikkhus, there was a great banyan tree on the lower slopes of the Himâlaya range; and near it there dwelt three friends--a partridge, a monkey, and an elephant. And they dwelt together without mutual reverence, confidence, and courtesy 5. Then, O Bhikkhus, it occurred to those friends, "Come now, let us find out which of us is the elder by birth; and let us agree to honour and reverence and esteem and support him, and by his counsels let us abide." So, Bhikkhus, the partridge and the monkey asked the elephant,
'"How far back can you, friend, remember?"
'"Friends! when I was little I used to walk over
'Then, O Bhikkhus, the partridge and the elephant asked the monkey [the same question], '"Friends! when I was little, sitting once on the ground, I gnawed at the then topmost twig of this banyan. So far back can I remember." 'Then, O Bhikkhus, the monkey and the elephant asked the partridge [the same question], '"Friends! there was formerly a lofty banyan tree in yonder open space. One day after eating one of its fruits, I voided the seed here; and from that this banyan tree grew up. So I must be older than either of you." 'Thereupon, O Bhikkhus, the elephant and the monkey said to the partridge, "You, friend, are the oldest of us all. Henceforth we will honour and reverence and esteem and support you, and by your counsels will we abide." 'Thenceforth, O Bhikkhus, the partridge kept the monkey and the elephant in obedience to the Five Precepts, and observed them also himself. And dwelling together in mutual reverence, confidence, and courtesy, at the dissolution of the body after death they were reborn unto a happy state in heaven. And this (perfect life of theirs) became known as "the good life of the partridge 1."
That are the men who Dhamma know,
'I enjoin upon you, O Bhikkhus, that paying of reverence, rising up in reverence, salutation, proper respect, and apportionment of the best seat and water and food, shall be according to seniority. But property belonging to the Samgha shall not be exclusively appropriated according to seniority 2. Whosoever does so, shall be guilty of a dukkata.
5. 'These ten, O Bhikkhus, are not to be saluted--a Bhikkhu afterwards admitted unto the higher grade of the Order by one previously admitted--a person not admitted--a senior Bhikkhu when he belongs to a different community, and does not speak according to the Dhamma--a woman 3--a eunuch 4--a Bhikkhu who has been placed under probation 5--one who, having been so placed, is
'And these three, O Bhikkhus, ought to be saluted--one previously admitted into the higher grade of the Order by one afterwards admitted--the senior in a different community when he speaks according to the Dhamma--and, O Bhikkhus, throughout the worlds of men and gods, of Mâras and of Brahmas, by all creatures Samanas and Brahmans, gods and men, the Arahat Sammâsambuddha.'
191:2 The incident related in the following chapter is identical with the 37th Gâtaka (including the Introductory Story there given) already translated by Rh. D. in the 'Buddhist Birth Stories,' pp. 310-314.
193:1 On this mention of gahapati as the name of a caste or rank, compare the passage in the Tevigga Sutta I, 47 = Sâmaññaphala Sutta, p. 133 (translated by Rh. D. in 'Buddhist Suttas from the Pâli,' S.B.E. vol. xi, p. 187), where the word is opposed to aññatarasmim kule pakkâgâto.
193:2 Dhamma is here possibly already used in the special sense to which the term Abhidhamma was afterwards applied. So Punna, who in the Aṅguttara Nikâya I, 14, is called the chief of the expounders of the Dhamma (compare Dîpavamsa IV, 4), says of himself in the Apadâna abhidhammanayañño ’ham.
193:3 Teviggo. See Rh. D.'s remarks in 'Buddhist Suttas,' pp. 161, 162.
193:4 This list contains one or two terms which are omitted in the Gâtaka introduction.
193:5 These terms recur at Mahâvagga I, 25, 6.
194:1 Tittiriyam brahmakariyam. It is quite possible that a covert sarcasm is here intended to be understood against the Taittirîya Brahmans.
195:1 Tam sobhetha yam . On this idiom compare Mahâvagga X, 2, 20.
195:2 Compare chapter and also chapter 12. It would seem from these passages that the prohibition to reserve exclusively according to seniority the use of property belonging to the whole Samgha was held to imply that the temporary use of it was to go according to seniority. Compare X, 18.
195:3 See Kullavagga X, 3.
195:4 Compare Mahâvagga I, 61, 2.
195:5 See Kullavagga II, 1, 2.
196:1 See Kullavagga III, 14.
