1. The rule for (times of) distress (is) that a Brâhmana may study under a teacher who is not a Brâhmana. 1
2. (A student is bound) to walk behind and to obey (his non-Brahmanical teacher). 2
3. (But), when (the course of study) has been finished, the Brâhmana (pupil is more) venerable (than his teacher). 3
4. (In times of distress it is permissible) to offer 4
6. On failure of the (occupations lawful for a Brâhmana) he may live by the occupations of a Kshatriya. 6
7. On failure of those, he may live by the occupations of a Vaisya. 7
8. (Goods) that may not be sold by a (Brâhmana are),
9. Perfumes, substances (used for) flavouring (food), prepared food, sesamum, hempen and linen cloth, skins, 9
10. Garments dyed red or washed, 10
11. Milk and preparations from it, 11
12. Roots, fruits, flowers, medicines, honey, flesh, grass, water, poison,
15. Some (declare, that the traffic in) land, rice, barley, goats, sheep, horses, bulls, milch-cows, and draught-oxen (is) likewise (forbidden). 15
16. But (it is permissible) to barter, 16
17. One kind of substances used for flavouring others,
18. And animals (for animals).
19. Salt and prepared food (must) not (be bartered), 19
20. Nor sesamum.
21. But for present use an equal (quantity of) uncooked (food may be exchanged) for cooked (food).
22. But if no (other course is) possible (a Brâhmana) may support himself in any way except by (following the occupations) of a Sûdra. 22
23. Some (permit) even this in case his life is in danger.
24. But to mix with that (caste) and forbidden food must be avoided (even in times of distress). 24
26. (In times of distress) a Kshatriya (may follow) the occupations of a Vaisya. 26
211:1 VII. Âpastamba II, 2, 4, 25.
211:2 Âpastamba II, 2, 4. 26.
211:3 Âpastamba II, 2, 4, 27.
211:4 Haradatta quotes Manu X, 103 in support of the above explanation, and adds that another commentator interprets the
212:6 Manu X, 81; Yâgñ. III, 35.
212:7 Âpastamba I, 7, 20, 11.
212:9 Âpastamba I, 7, 20, 12-13. 'Substances used for flavouring (rasa), i.e. oil, sugar, clarified butter, salt, and the like.'--Haradatta. From Sûtra 19 it is clear that 'rasa' does not simply mean 'liquids.'
212:10 My MSS. read nirnikte for nikte, and nirniktam is explained by 'washed by a washerman or the like person.' It is possible to translate Professor Stenzler's reading in accordance with Manu X, 87, 'pairs of (i.e. upper and lower) garments dyed red.'
212:11 'Preparations from it, i.e. sour milk and the like.'--Haradatta.
213:14 Under any circumstances (nityam, literally "always") means even when they are not sold for slaughter. Another (commentator) says, that, as the expression "under any circumstances" is used here, the prohibition regarding the above-mentioned things, i.e. sesamum and the like, does not hold good under all circumstances, and that hence self-grown sesamum and other grain may be sold, see Manu X, 90.'--Haradatta.
213:15 Manu X, 88. Haradatta explains 'land' by 'houses.'
213:16-21. Âpastamba I, 7, 20, 14-15.
213:19 'The sale of salt and prepared food has been forbidden by Sûtra 9, but their barter has been permitted (by Sûtra 17).'--Haradatta.
213:22 Regarding the Sûdra's occupations, see below, X 57-60.
213:24 'Restriction (niyama), i.e. avoiding. That Brâhmana
214:26 Haradatta adds, that in accordance with the principle exemplified by the rule of this Sûtra a Vaisya may follow in times of distress the occupations of a Sûdra.
